When should IV or IO fluids be strongly considered in avian patients?

IV (intravenous) or IO (intraosseous) fluids are crucial for avian patients in various high-stakes situations. Critically dehydrated patients require immediate fluid support to restore their hydration status, which can be life-saving. When birds are dehydrated significantly, especially in cases of severe vomiting, diarrhea, or heat stress, using IV or IO routes ensures that fluids are rapidly and effectively delivered into the system.

In cases requiring a blood transfusion, the administration of fluids is also important. These patients may be unstable and need comprehensive support, using IV/IO fluids to maintain circulatory volume and ensure optimal perfusion. This can be particularly vital while waiting for the transfusion to take effect and to mitigate any potential transfusion-related complications.

During surgical procedures, maintaining proper hydration and blood pressure is essential for the safety and success of the surgery. IV or IO fluids help maintain hemodynamic stability, support organ function, and promote recovery post-operatively.

In summary, the use of IV or IO fluids is strongly indicated across all these scenarios—critical dehydration, need for blood transfusions, and during surgery—making the comprehensive option the most accurate response in this context.